On November 9th 1989 the Berlin Wall collapsed.
During the year of the twentieth anniversary of the collapse of Communism there is debate about the end of Communism in the Centre-European Countries: the causes, the timeline of the fall, the analyses of the events.
In particular
click here for Bulgaria
click here for Czechoslovakia
click here for East Germany
click here for Hungary
click here for Poland
Click here for Rumania
Testimony by George Soros tycoon and promoter of the "open society"
The Guardian's special feature on the Berlin Wall
Personal memory of Father Jerzy Popieluszko
I was in Warsaw when he was murdered, by Annalia Guglielmi
Exemplary figures of moral resistance
Biographies of the "dissidents"
15th February 1989, Afghanistan: the Red Army ends the withdrawal of the troops from the occupied territories.
March 1989, Russia: in Moscow, after the elections, birth of the People's Congress of Deputies, the democratic successor of the Supreme Soviet.
2nd May 1989, Hungary: the Hungarian reformist government opens the borders. It is the first breach in the Iron Curtain and the Hungarians let pass those who flee from Eastern Germany.
Hungary Special Report
4th June 1989, Poland: the first half-free elections are held. They lead to the triumph of Solidarność.
Poland Special Report
4th June 1989, China: a million students man Tiananmen Square.
11th September 1989, Bulgaria: a decree was passed which rehabilitates almost 1,000 victims of Stalinist terror. In November a vote of no confidence is passed and the socialdemocratic party, forbidden in 1947, legally reorganizes and resumes its activities.
9th October 1989, Germany: 70,000 people rally in Leipzig by shouting the slogan "we are the people" to the agents of the "people's police" drawn up to crush the uprising.
Press review for the anniversary: Germany recalls rallies that helped bring down Berlin Wall by Nancy Isenson in AFP/Reuters
The day I outflanked the Stasi, testimony by BBC diplomatic editor Brian Hanrahan in the BBC news
9th November 1989, Germany: dismantlement of the Berlin Wall.
DDR Special Report
16th November 1989, Czechoslovakia: a students demonstration in Bratislava starts the Velvet Revolution. Václav Havel, former dissident and founder of Charta '77, is elected President.
14th December 1989, Moscow: the funeral in honor of Andrej Sakharov, the great dissident become a deputy, turns into a bath of crowd. The new Constitution inspired by him enters into force.
16th December 1989, Romania: the demonstrations in Timisoara lead to a people's revolt against the Communist regime, and result into the death sentence to Ceaușescu and the end of the dictatorship.
5,000 demonstrate in Prague
Prague marks Velvet Revolution
Palestinians and foreign peace activists break West Bank barrier:
Like the Berlin Wall
Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, the article for the Wall:
Communism and Tyranny still survive
New York Times special issue:
A fateful day and the East tasted Freedom
Berlin celebrates demise of Wall:
20 years later
The "NY Times" collects the readers' pictures:
Where Were You When the Wall Fell?
Wroclaw (Poland), 21st-23rd October 2010
International conference "The World towards Solidarity Movement"
Generation 1989, until 10th February 2010
Exchange project for European students born in the crucial year
Washington, until 31st January 2010
exhibition in Washington
Berlin, until 1st January 2010
Exhibition "Art of the two Germanys - Cold War Cultures" with artworks created on the two sides of the Wall.
read the exposition overview
Washington, until 10th December
Exhibition "Art: inside the gulag" with paintings of Ukrainan artist and former Gulag inmate Nikolai Getman
read the review
Berlin, 17th October - 30th November
Exhibition "Behind the Iron Curtain" on Socialist Realism organized for the 20th anniversary of the 1989 events.
visit the exhibition's site
Prague, until 23rd November
Exhibition "We didn't give up, stories of the Twentieth Century", an event devoted to those who took stance against totalitarianism: antiNazi and antiCommunist resistants, dissidents, camp survivors, 1989 demonstrators. Under the auspices of the Czech Prime Minister, organized by the Post Bellum association.
read the event presentation
Prague, 9th November
The Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes publicizes lists of intelligence servicemen.
the lists
Berlin, 9th November
A large-scale performance with a symbolic fall of the Wall using a "domino effect" highlighted by the artworks of world painters and politicians. Concert with Daniel Baremboim in the presence of Dietrich Genscher, Michail Gorbatchev and Kofi Annan.
read the event description
Berlin, 31st October
Gorbachev, Kohl and Bush senior recall the Berlin Wall's fall in a theatre performance.
read the show review
Berlin, 30th October
Carl-Wolfgang Holzapfel gets back to the cell where the Stasi had locked him in the 60es and lets a webcam film him "to show the role the Resistance played in bringing down the Wall".
read the BBC report
Prague, Nostic Palace, 6th October, 9.30 p.m.
Conference "Twenty Years After: Central and Eastern European Communist Regimes As a Shared Legacy". Organized by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes.
read the programme
Berlin, East Side Gallery, from June to November: Opening of the celebrations of the Wall's Collapse.
full Berlin calendar
by the editorial staff with the contribution of Annalia Guglielmi